A Robust Feature Selection and Classification algorithm based on Partial Least Squares Regression (RFSC-PLSR) was proposed to solve the problem of redundancy and multi-collinearity between features in feature selection. Firstly, the consistency coefficient of sample class based on neighborhood estimation was defined. Then, the k Nearest Neighbor ( kNN) operation was used to select the conservative samples with local class structure stability, and the partial least squares regression model was used to construct the robust feature selection. Finally, a partial least squares classification model was constructed using the class consistency coefficient and the preferred feature subset for all samples from a global structure perspective. Five data sets of different dimensions were selected from the UCI database for numerical experiments. The experimental results show that compared with four typical classifiers-Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Logistic Regression (LR), RFSC-PLSR is more efficient in low-dimensional, medium-dimension, high-dimensional and other different cases, and shows stronger competitiveness in classification accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency.